Expresso Formula references:

Research:

University of Georgia Department of Kinesiology, Athens, Georgia 30602-6554, USA.

Sensitivity to change in cognitive performance and mood measures of energy and fatigue in response to differing doses of caffeine or breakfast.

Int J Neurosci. 2009;119(7):975-94.

Department of Behavioral Biology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC, USA.

Multiple caffeine doses maintain vigilance during early morning operations.

Aviat Space Environ Med. 2005 Nov; 76(11):1046-50.

Sleep Medicine and Research Center affiliated with St. John's Mercy Medical Center and St. Luke s Hospital, St. Louis, MO; 2Pacific Sleep Medicine, La Jolla, CA 63017, USA.Laboratory and field studies of naps and caffeine as practical countermeasures for sleep-wake problems associated with night work.

Sleep. 2006 Jan;29(1):39-50.

INSERM U 272 Université de Nancy I, France

Caffeine and the central nervous system: mechanisms of action, biochemical, metabolic and psychostimulant effects.

Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 1992 May-Aug;17(2):139-70.

Department of Gastroenterology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London, UK.

L-phenylalanine releases cholecystokinin (CCK) and is associated with reduced food intake in humans: evidence for a physiological role of CCK in control of eating.

Metabolism. 1994 Jun;43(6):735-8.

Center for Occupational and Health Psychology, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, UK.

Effects of caffeine on human behavior.

Food Chem Toxicol. 2002 Sep;40(9):1243-55.

INSERM U 666, Faculty of Medicine, UDS, Strasbourg Cedex, France.

Is caffeine a cognitive enhancer?

J Alzheimers Dis. 2010;20 Suppl 1:S85-94.

Faculdade de Biociências, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.

Caffeine, mental health, and psychiatric disorders.

J Alzheimers Dis. 2010;20 Suppl 1:S239-48.